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Boston Public Library: A Centennial History (Harvard University Press, 1956) Wiegand, Wayne A. Main Street Public Library: Community Places and Reading Spaces in the Rural Heartland, 1876–1956 (University of Iowa Press, 2011) Wiegand, Wayne A. A Part of Our Lives: A History of the American Public Library (Oxford University press, 2015).
Jan 17, 2006 · In that sense, public libraries didn’t arise in Europe until the late 19th or even early 20th century. However, this article will focus on the U.S., since that’s where you encountered public libraries. Here public libraries didn’t just suddenly happen, they evolved over time. Let’s start with a little scene-setting.
The library was open to the public and was the first Polish public library, the biggest in Poland, and one of the earliest public libraries in Europe. [ 22 ] At the start of the 18th century, libraries were becoming increasingly public and were more frequently lending libraries .
The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents.Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials, arrangement and finding tools, the book trade, the influence of the physical properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education, rates of literacy, budgets, staffing, libraries for ...
- Public Libraries
- University, College and School Libraries
- Special Libraries
- Library Associations
- Library Building
- Contemporary Developments
- School-District Libraries
- Mechanics' Institutes
- Association Or Social Libraries
- Free Libraries
In the 19th century, mechanics' institutes and subscription, social, school-district, university and professional libraries assumed increasing importance. Most public libraries that existed in the early decades of the 19th century were supported by subscription fees, eg, Governor Haldimandestablished a library at Québec City in 1779, the Montreal L...
University and college libraries are integral parts of the academic community in which they are located, and are supported with a percentage of normal operating funds (5-8%), with additional special grants from partnerships or endowments. A university chief librarian/director usually reports to an academic official, such as the office of vice-presi...
Special libraries serve the needs of a sponsoring organization, which may be federal, provincial or municipal governments; companies, associations or industries; or public institutions such as hospitals or museums. Special libraries can also be distinguished by a subject such as law, finance, insurance or health science. The origin of special libra...
There are over 150 library associations in Canada, including national, provincial, regional, local, and ethnic associations, and groupings by library type such as public, academic, government, school and special libraries. The first was the Ontario Library Association, established in 1900; other provincial associations followed: in BC (1911), Québe...
Although some public and university libraries had separate facilities before 1900, the Andrew Carnegie grants for public library buildings led to the construction of 125 Canadian libraries between 1901 and 1923. Influenced by the beaux-arts design common in public buildings of that period, classical columns and other elaborate ornamentation were fe...
In the postwar decades all types of libraries in Canada responded to the increasing information requirements of users. Collections changed to encompass such new formats as microforms, audio and video cassettes, compact discs, films, talking books, braille and kits. Programs for cultural or minority groups became an important part of public library ...
School-district libraries were initiated by Joseph Howe in Nova Scotia and Egerton Ryersonin Canada West (Ontario) in 1850. Both men felt that children and adults could be served by local school authorities, with some financial and organizational assistance from colonial legislatures. New Brunswick (1858) and PEI (1877) followed this example, but a...
Mechanics' institutes originated in Great Britain in conjunction with working men's societies. In 1828 the first Institute library was formed at Montréal. They became popular in communities such as Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto and Victoria because they offered the working class inexpensive access to books and newspapers. Interest began to wane after ...
Association or social libraries dedicated to a variety of interests flourished in eastern Canada after 1800. The collection of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec(est 1824) was particularly noteworthy. Most associations provided a meeting place for lectures, discussions, or other programs and a reference or circulating library for members...
In 1882 an Act of the Ontario legislature provided for the establishment of free libraries, supported financially by a levy of one-half mill to be assessed on the value of all real and personal property. A local board composed of 9 members appointed by the municipal council and school boards was to provide leadership. The Toronto Public Library was...
The first totally tax-supported library was established in Peterborough, New Hampshire, in 1833. While there were many other libraries that met new public-oriented milestones—like the Darby Free Library in Pennsylvania, which has been in continuous service since 1793—the first large public library was the Boston Public Library, founded in 1848.
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The Library Company reading room on Juniper Street in Philadelphia c. 1935, one of the group’s main locations from 1880 to 1935. The Library Company of Philadelphia
