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Between 1961 and 1983
- Launched between 1961 and 1983, the Venera (or "Venus" in Russian") missions were focused on studying the second planet from our sun. Of the 28 spacecraft launched, 13 entered the Venusian atmosphere and eight successfully touched down on the surface.
www.space.com/soviet-venera-venus-missions-slideshowThe Soviet Union's Venera Venus missions (slideshow) | Space
The Soviet Union, followed by the United States, have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970. Pioneer Venus 2 contained the first spacecraft to land from the United States, the Day Probe.
The first Soviet attempt at a flyby probe to Venus was launched on 4 February 1961, but failed to leave Earth orbit. In keeping with the Soviet policy at that time of not announcing details of failed missions, the launch was announced under the name Tyazhely Sputnik ("Heavy Satellite").
NameModelMissionLaunch1VA No. 1Flyby4 February 19611VA No. 2Flyby12 February 19612MV-1 No.1Atmospheric probe25 August 19622MV-1 No.2Atmospheric probe1 September 1962Sep 12, 2021 · Launched between 1961 and 1983, the Venera (or "Venus" in Russian") missions were focused on studying the second planet from our sun. Of the 28 spacecraft launched, 13 entered the...
- Shrouded in Secrecy
- Early Venus Exploration
- Venera 13
- A Brief But Impactful Visit to Venus
- Landing on Venus Again
Documentation on the Venera program is sparse because it took place in the former Soviet Union. More formally known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics at the time, the country was the predecessor of today's Russia and surrounding nations. The union dissolved into independent states in 1991. Unlike the United States' public space program, th...
The primary goal of the Venera program was to learn more about the planet Venus. Astronomers once saw the planet as Earth's twin, and some science fiction writers fantasized about advanced life living below Venus' clouds. [The 10 Weirdest Facts About Venus] Today, we understand that the planet is a hothouse of pressure-filled atmosphere, capable of...
Venera 13 launched on Oct. 30, 1981, aboard a Proton rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome (located in today's Kazakhstan). The spacecraft carried several instruments on board, including spectrometers, a drill and surface sampler, and a panoramic camera. After a four-month journey to Venus, the spacecraft descended through the planet's atmosphere, pl...
For its 2 hours working on the surface, Venera 13 did a lot of science, if one were to judge by the standards of the time. It snapped a panorama of images with its camera, sending back 14 color photographs and another eight in black and white. The color images from the spacecraft are widely used today in books, magazine articles and websites about ...
Other spacecraft have visited Venus since the Venera series, but all of them were orbiters or flyby missions. The Soviet Union's Vega 1 and Vega 2 both flew by in the 1980s. NASA sent the Magellan spacecraft in 1989, which produced the first high-resolution global map of the surface. The European Space Agency's Venus Express orbited the planet betw...
In total, the Soviet Union launched 27 spacecraft to Venus. The last was Venera 16, after which a new space program, Vega, was launched.
- Yekaterina Sinelschikova
Venera 13 (Russian: Венера-13 'Venus 13') was part of the Soviet Venera program meant to explore Venus. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity. The probes were launched five days apart, with Venera 13 launching on 30 October 1981 at 06:04 UTC and Venera 14 launching on 4 ...
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May 19, 2024 · In 1983, the Soviet Union launched the last two spacecraft of the Venera program, Venera 15 and 16. These missions were dedicated orbiters equipped with synthetic aperture radar systems, which allowed them to map and study the planet’s surface in unprecedented detail.
