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Mid-1960s
- More than 50 years ago, when the laser was a mere 5 years old, laser physicists dreamed of the development of an X-ray laser to expand the frontier of knowledge. The concept goes back to the mid-1960s, when scientists realized that laser beams amplified with ions would have much shorter wavelengths than beams amplified with gas.
phys.org/news/2015-04-years-x-ray-laser.pdf
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The plasma x-ray lasers rely on stimulated emission to generate or amplify coherent, directional, high-brightness electromagnetic radiation in the near X-ray or extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum, that is, usually from ~3 nanometers to several tens of nanometers (nm) wavelength.
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The first big news in the quest for an X-ray laser was a report by John G. Kepros and colleagues at the University of Utah in the July 1972 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They had dissolved copper sulphate in Knox unflavored gelatin and spread thin layers of the mixture onto microscope slides, then illuminated them with pulses to ...
After DARPA stopped its support, Livermore became the center of U.S. X-ray laser research. It had both the people and the resources needed to tackle a problem that some thought was impossible. It was the country’s lead laboratory in fusion lasers, and the lab was involved in the nuclear weapons program, which could also deliver the short, intense b...
The initial inspiration for Chapline’s design for a nuclear-driven X-ray laser was from a talk he had heard Soviet physicist I.I. Sobelman give at a conference in Novosibirsk. But the idea didn’t come together until Chapline heard about a nuclear test that the United States had conducted in Nevada. “I instantly put together the ideas I had gotten f...
What Livermore carefully called the “laboratory” X-ray laser project didn’t start until the bomb-driven laser worked. Getting time on the fusion lasers wasn’t easy, but the experimental logistics were much easier. Fusion lasers delivered far less pump energy, but they could fire multiple shots a day, and the test equipment could be used repeatedly....
The selenium experiments marked a major milestone for Livermore, but had two important limitations. The 20-nm wavelength is relatively long. Biological imaging researchers wanted wavelengths shorter than 4.5 nm, and some definitions of X-rays include only wavelengths shorter than 10 nm. And although fusion laser shots cost orders of magnitude less ...
Big X-ray lasers have their place in generating shorter X-ray wavelengths. Back in 1975, Chapline and Wood suggested that an electron beam passing through a periodic electric or magnetic field could generate stimulated emission at X-ray wavelengths. The idea came from John Madey’s pioneering free-electron laser work at Stanford University. Madey’s ...
Apr 14, 2015 · The X-ray laser eventually made it to the Laboratory in 1984 when the first demonstration of an X-ray laser occurred on Novette, the precursor of the Nova laser. Eventually the same diagnostics used for X-ray lasers have been implemented at the National Ignition Facility.
Apr 15, 2015 · The X-ray laser eventually made it to the Laboratory in 1984 when the first demonstration of an X-ray laser occurred on Novette, the precursor of the Nova laser. Eventually the same diagnostics...
The X-ray laser eventually made it to the Laboratory in 1984 when the first demonstration of an X-ray laser occurred on Novette, the precursor of the Nova laser. Eventually the same diagnostics...
Jul 19, 2024 · The discovery of X-rays – a form of invisible radiation that can pass through objects, including human tissue – revolutionised science and medicine in the late 19th century. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923), a German scientist, discovered X-rays or Röntgen rays in November 1895.
Tesla reported that, driven by his observation of mysterious damage to photographic plates in his laboratory, he began his investigation of x-rays (at that time still unknown and unnamed) in 1894 (2). Apart from experiments using the Crookes tube, he invented his own vacuum tube (Fig 2), which was a special unipolar x-ray bulb.
