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- At the same time, however, the quarreling among Athens, Sparta, and other city-states that reached its apex in the ruinous Peloponnesian War so amply documented by Thucydides made clear to the Greeks the need for peace within the Greek world, and the fourth century was marked by repeated attempts at arbitration and efforts to establish koine eirene, a Common Peace.
academic.oup.com/edited-volume/42641/chapter/378368412
From the King's Peace of 387/6 BC down to the foundation of the League of Corinth in 338 BC, the idea of the Common Peace influenced all peace treaties between Greek poleis. In the end, however, it turned out that only a strong hegemonic power could maintain a comprehensive peace for long.
The Thirty Years of Peace started in 446 B.C. While it sounds like an amazing time in ancient Greek history, it wasn’t as great as it sounds. The treaty is thought to have favored the Athenians more than the Spartans. Also, during this time, Athens was forced to handle certain kingdoms rebelling against the treaty.
It discusses three examples that illustrate intense Greek efforts in the late fifth and fourth centuries to achieve peace by containing endemic inter-communal war and overcoming civil strife (stasis).
- Kurt A. Raaflaub
- 2016
With conflicting states and interests, much as in Greece, ideas of peace were perhaps more free to develop than within single empires like Egypt. Kurt Raaflaub addresses ancient Greece within ‘Greek Concepts and Theories of Peace’ (122-57).
Especially in the second half of the fifth century, concerns about war and peace are ever-present, emphasized especially by Herodotus and Thucydides, Euripides and Aristophanes, and, we shall see, the sophists and philosophers.
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Peace came in 421 B.C. 45 when both sides agreed to resurrect the balance of forces just as it had been in 431 B.C. The agreement made in that year is known as the Peace of Nicias 46 after the name of the Athenian general Nicias, 47 who was instrumental in convincing the Athenian assembly to agree to a peace treaty.
