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Apr 24, 2024 · Various types of flow meters exist, including differential pressure, volumetric, mass-based, velocity-related, open channel meters as well as ultrasonic, electromagnetic and positive displacement models. Each kind employs a unique technique to determine the rate at which liquid or gas passes through a system. Types of flow meters are explained ...
- Differential Pressure Flow Meters
- Orifice Flow Meters
- Venturi Flow Meters
- Pitot Tube Flow Meter
- Positive Displacement Flow Meters
- Volumetric Flow Meters
- Turbine Flow Meters
- Vortex Flow Meters
- Magmeter
- Ultrasonic Flow Meters
The use of differential pressure as an inferred measurement of a liquid’s rate of flow is well known. Differential pressure flow meters are, by far, the most common units in use today. These meters, which boast high accuracy, calculate fluid flow by reading pressure loss across a pipe restriction. Estimates are that over 50 percent of all liquid fl...
Orifice flow meters are the most popular liquid flow meters in use today. An orifice is simply a flat piece of metal with a specific-sized hole bored in it. Most orifices in use are of the concentric type, but eccentric, conical (quadrant), and segmental designs are also available. In practice, the orifice plat is installed in the pipe between two ...
Venturi tubes have the advantage of being able to handle large flow volumes at low pressure drops. A venturi tube is essentially a section of pipe with a tapered entrance and a straight throat. As liquid passes through the throat, its velocity increases, causing a pressure differential between the inlet and outlet regions. The flowmeters have no mo...
Pitot tubes are generally installed by welding a coupling on a pipe and inserting the probe through the coupling. Use of most pitot tubes is limited to single point measurements. The units are susceptible to plugging by foreign material in the liquid. Advantages of pitot tubes are low cost, absence of moving parts, easy installation, and minimum pr...
Operation of these units consists of separating liquids into accurately measured increments and moving them on. Each segment is counted by a connecting register. Because every increment represents a discrete volume, positive-displacement units are popular for automatic batching and accounting applications. Positive-displacement meters are good cand...
These instruments operate linearly with respect to the volume flow rate. Because there is no square-root relationship (as with differential pressure devices), their rangeability is greater. Volumetric metershave minimum sensitivity to viscosity changes when used at Reynolds numbers above 10,000. Most velocity-type meter housings are equipped with f...
Turbine metershave found widespread use for accurate liquid measurement applications. The unit consists of a multiple-bladed rotor mounted with a pipe, perpendicular to the liquid flow. The rotor spins as the liquid passes through the blades. The rotational speed is a direct function of flow rate and can be sensed by magnetic pick-up, photoelectric...
Vortex metersmake use of a natural phenomenon that occurs when a liquid flows around a bluff object. Eddies or vortices are shed alternately downstream of the object. The frequency of the vortex shedding is directly proportional to the velocity of the liquid flowing through the meter, Fig. 3. The three major components of the flowmeter are a bluff ...
Electromagnetic meters can handle most liquids and slurries, providing that the material being metered is electrically conductive. The flow tube mounts directly in the pipe. Pressure drop across the meter is the same as it is through an equivalent length of pipe because there are no moving parts or obstructions to the flow. The voltmeter can be att...
Ultrasonic flow meterscan be divided into Doppler meters and Time-of-Travel (or Transit) meters. Doppler meters measure the frequency shifts caused by liquid flow. Two transducers are mounted in a case attached to one side of the pipe. A signal of known frequency is sent into the liquid to be measured. Solids, bubbles, or any discontinuity in the l...
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Apr 29, 2021 · Overall, choosing which water flow meter is best suited for your specific application will depend on the cleanliness of your water, budget, and accuracy of flow measurements. For dirty water with large particulates, lean more towards magnetic, ultrasonic, and vortex meters to prevent many maintenance headaches.
A sensor tab is equipped to the flow meter that flexes whenever vortices flow past it, which creates a frequency output that indicates what the flow rate of the water is. If you decide to select a multi-variable vortex flow meter, it can measure up to five different variables that might be useful for your specific application.
Oct 14, 2022 · This Arduino interfacing with the water flow sensor simply measures the flow rate of water in units of a liter for each hour & displays the measured value on the Arduino IDE serial monitor. /*YF- S201 water Flow sensor code for Arduino */ const int Output_Pin = 2; volatile int Pulse_Count; unsigned int Liter_per_hour;
Nov 4, 2012 · Flow in water supply pipes or district heating pipes are typical examples. The flow rate depends mainly on the pressure difference between the ends, the distance between the ends, the area of the conduit and the hydraulic properties of the conduit - like the shape, roughness and restrictions like bends. major friction loss in Ducts, Tubes and Pipes
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Oct 8, 2020 · Here, we'll explain two of the most popular types: differential pressure and thermal mass flow sensors. Type 1: Differential Pressure Flow Sensors. A fluid's velocity is directly related to the fluid's pressure, as shown by the Bernoulli equation: dp=(density*velocity^2)/2. Differential pressure flow sensors calculate the pressure of the fluid.
