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Jennings Graham's mother, Elizabeth Cartwright Jennings, was a prominent woman in her local community. She is known for penning the speech 10-year-old Elizabeth Jennings delivered, "On the Improvement of the Mind," at a meeting of the Ladies Literary Society of New York (founded 1834). [ 4 ]
The Grahams left Manhattan with her mother to live with her sister Matilda in Monmouth County, New Jersey, near the town of Eaton. Charles died in 1867 while they were living in New Jersey. Jennings and her mother and sister moved back to New York City in the late 1860s or 1870. She lived her later years at 247 West 41st Street.
known as “Elizabeth Jennings Graham.” Elizabeth Jennings Graham’s father, Thomas L. Jennings, was a successful tailor and the earliest known Black person to hold a patent in the United States, for a dry-cleaning process. Achieving entrepreneurial success allowed Thomas L. Jennings to support abolitionist organizations and build his reputation
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Aug 15, 2018 · In 1854, Elizabeth Jennings rode the streetcar of her choice, in an early civil rights protest that led to desegregating public transportation in NYC. Elizabeth Jennings Graham. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. On Sunday, July 16th, 1854, a young black schoolteacher named Elizabeth Jennings was running late.
- The Early Life and Higher Learning of Elizabeth Jennings Graham
- Jennings v. The Third Ave. Railroad
- From One Woman to Class Action: The Legacy of Elizabeth Jennings Graham
Elizabeth Jennings was born in New York City in March 1827. The daughter of a Thomas L. Jennings, who was born free, and Elizabeth Jennings, who wasn’t, the household she grew up in had high standards regarding education, culture, and political awareness. It’s no wonder she eventually became a schoolteacher. John H. Hewitt, one of the foremost auth...
It was Sunday, July 16, 1854, when Jennings and Adams caught the horse-drawn trolley car on the corner of Pearl and Chatham Streets. Unfortunately, that car didn’t have the words “Colored People Allowed in this Car” adorning its side. “I held up my hand to the driver and he stopped the car,” Jennings recalled. “We got on the platform, when the cond...
Hewitt wrote that “what may have started as one woman’s individual protest had really become class action.” Once Elizabeth Jennings Graham succeeded in her court battle, the New York State Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans could no longer be excluded as long as they were “sober, well behaved, and free from disease” (even when ruling in fav...
On Sunday, July 16th, 1854, 27 years old Jennings was on her way to the First Colored Congregational Church, where she was an organist. At the time, public transportation was owned by private companies, which enforced segregated seating. Running late, Jennings boarded a white passenger-only streetcar at the corner of Pearl Street and Chatham ...
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00:11 – Introduction to Elizabeth Jennings Graham; 01:42 – Background of Elizabeth's family and her father's achievements. 02:41 – Elizabeth's education and career as a teacher. 03:32 – Context of New York City's transportation system in the 1850s. 04:04 – The streetcar incident of July 16, 1854.
