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The density of a liquid is typically about the same as the density of the solid state of the substance. Densities of liquids are therefore more commonly measured in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ) or grams per milliliter (g/mL) than in grams per liter (g/L), the unit commonly used for gases.
- Intermolecular Forces
The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of...
- Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Pressure and KMT. The macroscopic phenomena of pressure can...
- Intermolecular Forces
It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid, because its particles move apart slightly on freezing. This is why ice cubes and icebergs float on liquid water. ... More on Solids, liquids and gases ...
Jul 23, 2024 · Updated on July 23, 2024. Below is a table of densities of common substances, including several gases, liquids, and solids. Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a unit of volume. The general trend is that most gases are less dense than liquids, which are less dense than solids. But there are numerous exceptions.
- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). of gas will have very much greater volume than the liquid, and so will have much lower density. The density of liquid oxygen = 1.1 g/cm 3 The ...
- Changing from One State to Another
- The Kinetic Theory of Matter
- What Is Absolute Zero?
- Why Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases So Different?
- What About Plasma?
- Are There Any Other States of Matter?
You can change any substance from a solid to a liquid or gas, or back again, just by changing its pressure and/or temperature, but that's not immediately obvious to us in a world where the temperature and pressure don't change much at all. On Earth, temperatures broadly vary from about −30°C to +30°C or (−70°F to +90°F)—which seems a huge variation...
Another way to understand solids, liquids, and gases is by thinking about the energy they contain. A balloon full of gas has molecules dashing about inside it, smashing repeatedly into the rubberwalls and pressing them outward. Balloons stay up because the force of the gas molecules pushing against the inner surface of the rubber exerts a pressure ...
What if you cool down a balloon—and keep cooling? Suppose you fill your balloon with steam to start with. Cool it for a while and you'd get a balloon with a bit of water inside, then a balloon frozen with ice. If you keep on cooling, you take more and more energy from the molecules inside. Even the atoms or molecules in a solid do move about a litt...
A solid lump of iron is much heavier than a glass of water the same size, while a balloon that's many times bigger seems to weigh nothing at all. Some solids, such as rubber, are very stretchy: you can pull a rubber band to two or three times its length and it will snap straight back to its original length when you let go. Other solids (like glass ...
If you heat a liquid, sooner or later you get a gas—but what happens if you keep heating? Eventually you produce a fourth state of matter called a plasma, in which the gas molecules not only separate from one another but break apart into their subatomic components—electrons and ions (in this case, atoms missing electrons). Plasmas are used in plasm...
I've just broken the "bad" news that there are four states of matter, not three. But is that the end of the story?Nope! There are a few others that exist only under extreme conditions. The best known of theseare called Bose-Einstein condensates (in honor of physicists Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose). They're formed when special gases made ...
The densities of gases are much less than those of liquids and solids, because the atoms in gases are separated by large amounts of empty space. The gases are displayed for a standard temperature of 0.0 °C and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa, and there is a strong dependence of the densities on temperature and pressure.
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Liquids. The Structure of Liquids. The difference between the structures of gases, liquids, and solids can be best understood by comparing the densities of substances that can exist in all three phases. As shown in the table below, the density of a typical solid is about 20% larger than the corresponding liquid, while the liquid is roughly 800 ...
