Search results
Jun 16, 2020 · Eleven documents defined public health systems as all levels of governmental and non-governmental entities which share in the responsibility for ensuring healthy social and physical environments, and consist of a variety of organisations that contribute to the core functions of public health to protect and promote health within the community ...
- Tamika Jarvis, Fran Scott, Fadi El-Jardali, Fadi El-Jardali, Elizabeth Alvarez
- 10.1186/s12961-020-00583-z
- 2020
- Health Res Policy Syst. 2020; 18: 68.
- Search Results and Study Selection
- Defining Public Health and Public Health Systems
- Roles and Functions of Public Health
- Public Health Systems
- Policy Authority
- Organisational Authority
- Consumer and Stakeholder Involvement
- How Are Programmes and Services Designed to Meet Consumers’ Needs
- By Whom Are Programmes and Services Provided
- Where Are Programmes and Services Provided
Electronic database searches identified 5933 unique citations, 338 of which met inclusion criteria after title and abstract exclusion; 81 of these documents were purposively sampled and full-text review excluded 23 records. Nine additional documents were attained through reference chaining and internet searches. In total, 67 documents were included...
Most documents defined public health via its functions; therefore, separate sections were created for defining public health and public health systems and for describing the roles and functions of public health.
Frameworks
Subsystem models of delivery, governance, finance, and roles and functions were identified, for example, Mays et al.’s typology of public health delivery systems, but none provided a comprehensive public health system framework. Several frameworks identified essential public health functions (Additional file 4). The most frequent frameworks were the Institute of Medicine’s three ‘core’ public health functions of assessment, policy development and assurance [12, 38, 42, 47, 48, 50] and th...
Roles and functions
Thirty-nine documents defined or highlighted what they identified as the ‘essential’ functions of public health. Additional file 4 provides a table as a way of organising what functions were found within the literature across a variety of countries, following the three core public health functions and 10 essential services. The following were listed as public health functions and services in more than half of the documents: health promotion (n = 30); health protection, which included air, wat...
It was found that public health system descriptions fit the health system arrangements framework well, with the addition of partnerships and communication, which affected each of the other parts of the system (Additional file 5). The health systems arrangements framework was refined to highlight differences between terms and components of public he...
Four levels of policy authority were identified within the public sector, namley international, national, state/provincial/territorial, and local. The degree of decentralisation within a country or state/province determined the responsibilities and structural organisation of agencies within public health systems [4, 12, 32, 34, 37, 44, 46, 49, 57,5...
Regional or local health units planned and implemented the majority of services, developed policies and communicated legislation [34, 57, 61, 63, 65].
In public health systems, consumers most often referred to targeted populations and communities rather than individuals, as is more common in healthcare systems. Stakeholders included other public sectors, communities, service providers in and outside of the health system, the private sector, and individuals . Community partnerships and public enga...
Public health functions were carried out by all levels of government, including federal, state/provincial/territorial and local, but most activities remained organised at the state/provincial level or locally in many countries [2, 38,39,40, 48, 58, 59, 62, 63, 68,69,70,71]. Delivery of public health services often rested at the local level but, in ...
Most public health programmes/services were provided by public sector employees as part of a public health unit, as well as faith-based groups, private businesses, social services agencies, schools, workplaces and healthcare providers [46, 73]. Healthcare and other sectors support public health in its missions by participating in surveillance, heal...
Delivery of public health programmes and services occurs in multiple public and private settings, including schools, homes of private citizens, workplaces, clinics, public health laboratories, local public health agencies and offices, and various indoor and outdoor spaces within the community [57, 61]. Partnerships and contracts with non-government...
- Tamika Jarvis, Fran Scott, Fadi El-Jardali, Fadi El-Jardali, Elizabeth Alvarez
- 2020
Public health and public health systems have been poorly understood as no clear or consistent definition of public health systems exist within the current literature. An interpretive synthesis was conducted to determine how public health systems have been defined. Public health and public health systems have been defined in various ways.
- Tamika Jarvis
- 2017
egy can be found in Additional file 1. As public health systems have not been clearly defined, our search strat-egy sought to include terms that may be used inter-changeably within the literature but warrant clear definitions. For the purpose of this study, we define a system as “a set of inter-connected parts that have to
Public health systems are unique and vital entities within health systems. In addition to examining how public health and public health systems have been defined within the literature, this review suggests that establishing the scope of public health is crucial to understanding its role within the larger health system and adds to the discourse ...
The public health systems infographic draws on evidence from 220 documents included in the two reviews, together with input from stakeholders.The infographic depicts the key elements of a public health system (ie, origin and types of policy action, organisational structures and systems, ways of working, influencing factors, outcomes, impacts) and potential relationships between public health ...
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A public health system framework and a model of a population health system were conceptualized. Discussion: Understanding public health systems can help strengthen these systems and further integrate preventive public health and primary care services. Systems are influenced by organizational and contextual factors that need to be explored to ...
