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Launch of Mariner 1 in 1962. The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets.Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System – visiting the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and returning to Venus and Mars for ...
Mariner 2. Mariner 2 (Mariner-Venus 1962), an American space probe to Venus, was the first robotic space probe to report successfully from a planetary encounter. The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program, it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1.
The 10 Mariners visited Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time, and later returned to Venus and Mars for a closer look. The final mission in the series, Mariner 10, flew past Venus before going on to Mercury for a total of three flybys. Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet when it reached Mars in 1971.
Mariner 2 also found that there was a dense cloud layer that extended from 35 to 50 miles (56 to 80 kilometers) above the surface. The spacecraft detected no discernable planetary magnetic field, partly explained by the great distance between the spacecraft and the planet.
- United States of America
- P-38 / Mariner R-2
- Venus Flyby
- 449 pounds (203.6 kilograms)
Nov 5, 2018 · The spacecraft returned 500 more images of Mercury. And on March 16, 1975, Mariner 10, nearly out of attitude control gas, made its final visit to Mercury, this time at a close range of 327 km, passing over the planet’s north pole. The spacecraft returned some of the most detailed images and additional data on the planet’s magnetic field.
- John Uri
Dec 14, 2017 · Article. In 1962, Mariner 2 completed the first successful close-up observations of another planet when it flew by Venus. The spacecraft made a number of important scientific discoveries not only about the planet but also about interplanetary space during its transit. The road to Venus, however, was anything but easy.
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Jul 25, 2022 · Turning their attention first to Venus, JPL designed and built two Mariner spacecraft, based on their Ranger probes to the Moon, to explore the mysterious cloud-covered planet. Mariner 1 lifted off first on July 22, 1962, but when its rocket veered off course, the Range Safety Officer had to send a destruct command to the vehicle.
