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Sep 16, 2024 · In hardwoods, like oak and maple, the macrofibril measures about 16 nanometers (nm) in diameter, while in softwoods like pine and spruce, it's about 28 nm. These differences could explain...
Nanoscientists use high-powered microscopes that use unique methods to allow them to see the surface features on the atomic scale, effectively opening the door to modern nanotechnology. Exploring the World through Microscopes
- Overview
- Rationale
- Objectives
- Background
- Strategies
- Class Activities
One basic idea that even Einstein started with is that our physical universe is made of matter and energy. 1Matter and energy are therefore, studied in the area of chemistry and physics. The chemistry component addresses questions such as what is the composition of matter. The physics component is more concerned with the forces responsible for hold...
The students participating in this unit will be in eighth grade physical science. Classes will consist of general, high achiever, and gifted students. The curriculum standards for the first six weeks focus on the structure and properties of matter. All classes meet on a modified block schedule; students attend all classes on Mondays and follow a bl...
The first objective of the unit is for students to be able to know an objects size as it compares to a known reference point. Students should recognize that an objects size is measureable by means of a scale or reference point. Students must also be able to arrange objects in order based on their size. Students need to be able to describe an object...
The Structure of Matter
Atoms are the "building blocks" of all matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. As the sizes of various substances begin to move towards the nano-scale, their properties can become unique and dramatically different from the same substances in bulk form. To understand the affect size has on matter one must understand the structure of an atom. Atoms are made of three smaller subatomic particles. Two subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus comprises the...
Forces and Matter
In nature, four forces affect atoms, gravitational forces, electromagnetic forces, strong nuclear forces, and weak forces. "Strong nuclear" forces hold protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. This force is limited in range and has little influence beyond the range of the nucleus. Gravitational force is a function of mass and distance and is weak between nanosized particles. 6 Gravitational forces are negligible at the nanoscale because the mass of nanoscale objects is very small. Elec...
Molecular Structure and Mechanical Properties of Matter
The atom carbon is a good example of how structural arrangements of atoms affect the properties of the resulting material. Carbon atoms have the ability to bond with many types of atoms, by means of covalent bonding (sharing of electrons to form chemical bonds). Carbon can form covalent bonds with four other atoms at the same time. One common material formed when carbon combines with other carbon atoms is graphite. Graphite forms into sheets that are one carbon atom thick. These sheets can be...
The instructional format for my school is a modified block schedule. Students attend all seven periods on Mondays and follow an odd even block schedule Tuesday through Friday. Monday class periods are 55 minutes and block classes are ninety minutes. The instructional format is the three- part lesson with an opening, work period and closing. The bul...
Prior to the introduction of the unit students will have learned about the structure of atoms. They will use this knowledge to help them understand size and the properties of matter. A pre-assessment will be given entitled " Fact or Fiction Extreme Size Card" from the book Extreme Science: From Nano to Galacticto determine what students know, under...
Surface properties are pivotal in determining the physical and chemical properties of the material. The larger proportion of atoms on the surface has a profound effect on processes that occur at the surface including catalysis and adsorption and changes physical properties such as the melting point.
Feb 16, 2022 · Therefore, a lot of studies focus on properties of wood at the macroscale—anything longer than a millimeter (one million nanometers) that can be seen with the naked eye—such as mass loss caused by degradation, moisture content, and mechanical properties without pinpointing the underlying mechanisms.
Top-down fabrication reduces large pieces of material down to the nanoscale, like someone carving a model airplane out of a block of wood. The bottom-up approach to nanomanufacturing creates products by building them up from atomic- and molecular-scale components.
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The material wood is in fact a composite, comprising many chemical (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose) and structural components on large (one to thousands of micrometers) and small (three to hundreds of nanometers) length scales (see Figure 1a). Its hierarchical composite structure renders wood with excellent mechanical, transport, and ...
