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May 15, 2022 · Table 5.4.1: Relative Proportions (%) of Bases in DNA. The rules of base pairing tell us that if we can "read" the sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA, we can immediately deduce the complementary sequence on the other strand. The rules of base pairing explain the phenomenon that whatever the amount of adenine (A) in the DNA of an ...
- DNA Replication
Licensing: positive control of replication; Figure 5.5.3:...
- The Double Helix of DNA
No headers Figure 5.3.1: Double Helix of DNA. This structure...
- 4.3: DNA Structure and Replication
Explain why complementary base pairing is necessary to...
- DNA Replication
- The History of DNA
- Basics of DNA Replication
- Major Enzymes
- “Proofreading” DNA
- Telomeres
- Check Your Understanding
Modern understandings of DNA have evolved from the discovery of nucleic acid to the development of the double-helix model. In the 1860s, Friedrich Miescher (Figure 1), a physician by profession, was the first person to isolate phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells or leukocytes. He named these chemicals (which would eventually be known as...
The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA divides and makes copies of itself. This model suggests that the two strands of the double helix separate during replication, and each strand serves as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. What was not clear was how the replication took place...
The process of DNA replication is catalyzed by a type of enzyme called DNA polymerase (poly meaning many, mer meaning pieces, and –ase meaning enzyme; so an enzyme that attaches many pieces of DNA). Observe Figure 6: the double helix of the original DNA molecule separates (blue) and new strands are made to match the separated strands. The result wi...
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, but mistakes can occasionally occur, such as a DNA polymerase inserting a wrong base. Uncorrected mistakes may sometimes lead to serious consequences, such as cancer. Repair mechanisms correct the mistakes. In rare cases, mistakes are not corrected, leading to mutations; in other cases, repair enzymes a...
As you’ve learned, the enzyme DNA pol can add nucleotides only in the 5′ to 3′ direction. In the leading strand, synthesis continues until the end of the chromosome is reached. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short stretches, each of which is initiated by a separate primer. When the replication fork reaches the end of the linear chromo...
Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does notcount toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to (1) study the previous section further or (2) move on to the next se...
Jul 23, 2024 · DNA replication is the biological process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. This process is essential for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and occurs before cell division in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The replication process is initiated at specific points in the DNA, known as ...
Feb 17, 2023 · Unzipping of DNA. DNA replication starts at a particular location on the DNA, called the origin of replication. It is the region where the DNA is unzipped. They have a specific sequence covering about 245 base pairs, mostly A/T base pairs and fewer GT-base pairs. The fewer hydrogen bonds in the AT-rich sequence make the DNA strands separate easily.
Mar 7, 2024 · Function And Significance Of Complementary Base Pairing. Complementary base pairing plays a crucial role in the structure and function of DNA. It refers to the specific hydrogen bonding between adenine (A) and thymine (T), as well as guanine (G) and cytosine (C). This pairing ensures the accurate replication and expression of genetic information.
Base-Pairing Underlies DNA Replication and DNA Repair. As discussed briefly in Chapter 1, DNA templating is the process in which the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand (or selected portions of a DNA strand) is copied by complementary base-pairing (A with T, and G with C) into a complementary DNA sequence .
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Explain why complementary base pairing is necessary to maintain the double helix shape of the DNA molecule. This page titled 4.3: DNA Structure and Replication is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.
